Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Types of urinary incontinence

Cystocele: Prolapse of the bladder into the anterior wall of the vagina.

Rectocele‍: Prolapse of the rectum into the posterior wall of the vagina.

Uterine Prolapse‍: Descent of the uterus into the vaginal canal.

Enterocele‍: Prolapse of the small intestine into the upper part of the vaginal wall.

Vaginal Vault Prolapse‍: Prolapse of the top of the vagina after a hysterectomy.

Rectal prolapse: Prolapse of the rectum through the anus.

Signs & symptoms

Notable bulge in the vaginal area or vaginal wall, seen in cystocele, rectocele, uterine prolapse, enterocele, and vaginal vault prolapse.

Sensation of pressure or heaviness in the pelvic region, experienced in cystocele, rectocele, uterine prolapse, enterocele, and vaginal vault prolapse.

Increased need to urinate or feeling of incomplete bladder emptying (Cystocele).

Leakage of urine during physical activity or coughing (Cystocele).

Trouble passing stool, sensation of incomplete evacuation (Rectocele, Rectal Prolapse).e due to physical or cognitive impairments preventing timely bathroom use.

Pressure or fullness specifically in the rectal area (Rectocele, Rectal Prolapse).

Blood or mucous from the rectum (Rectal Prolapse).

Abdominal discomfort or bloating (Enterocele).

Causes

Childbirth: Trauma and stretching of pelvic tissues during delivery.

Aging: Natural weakening of pelvic muscles and tissues over time.

Genetics: Inherited conditions affecting connective tissues e.g. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Chronic Constipation: Persistent straining during bowel movements.

Obesity: Excess body weight increasing pelvic pressure.

Menopause: Decreased oestrogen leading to weaker pelvic tissues

Trauma or Surgery: Injury or pelvic surgery affecting support structures.

Heavy Lifting: Frequent lifting of heavy objects increasing abdominal pressure.

Lifestyle recommendations

Pelvic Floor Exercises (Kegels)

Healthy Diet

Maintain a Healthy Weight

Regular Physical Activity

Avoid Heavy Lifting

Manage Constipation

Prevention Strategies

Regular Exercise: Engage in activities that strengthen the core and pelvic floor muscles.

Healthy Weight Management: Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on pelvic organs.

Manage Chronic Conditions: Treat conditions like chronic cough or constipation to prevent additional strain on the pelvic area.

Education and Awareness: Understand Triggers and educate on techniques.

Posture and Body Mechanics: Practice good posture and body mechanics to minimise pressure on the pelvic region.

Routine Health Check-Ups: Monitor and address any issues early.

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Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Types of urinary incontinence

Signs & symptoms

Causes

Lifestyle recommendations

Prevention Strategies

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